We study the problem of power efficient Tracking interval management for distributed target Tracking wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We first analyze the performance of a distributed target Tracking network with one moving object, using a quantitative mathematical analysis. We show that previously proposed algorithms are efficient only for constant average velocity objects; however, they do not ensure an optimal performance for moving objects with acceleration. Towards an optimal performance, first, we derive a closed-form mathematical expression for the estimation of the minimal achievable power consumption by an optimal adaptive Tracking interval management algorithm. This can be used as a benchmark for energy efficiency of these adaptive algorithms. Second, we describe our recently proposed energy efficient blind adaptive time interval management algorithm called Adaptive Hill Climbing (AHC) in more detail and explain how it tries to get closer to the derived optimal performance. Finally, we provide a comprehensive performance evaluation for the recent similar adaptive time interval management algorithms using computer simulations. The simulation results show that using the AHC algorithm, the network has a very good performance with the added advantage of getting 9 % closer to the calculated minimal achievable power consumption compared with that of the best previously proposed energy efficient adaptive time interval management algorithm.

The aim of statistical modeling is to identify the model that most closely ap-proximates the underlying process. Akaike information criterion (AIC) is commonly used for model selection but the precise value of AIC has no direct interpretation. In this paper we use a normalization of a difference of Akaike criteria in comparing between the two rival models under unified hybrid censoring scheme. Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimator based on the missing information prin-ciple are derived. Also, asymptotic distribution of the normalized difference of AICs is obtained and it is used to construct an interval, say Tracking interval, for compar-ing the two competing models. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to examine how the proposed interval works for different censoring schemes. Two real datasets have been analyzed for illustrative purposes. The first is selecting between Weibull and generalized exponential distributions for main component of spearmint essential oil purification data. The second is the choice between models of the lifetimes of 20 electronic components.

The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2) has the most potent angiogenic signaling associated with VEGF. So far no research has been published on the effect of training on VEGFR-2 and the vascular volume in the lungs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training on VEGFR-2 expression and pulmonary vascular volume in male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, the sample included 10 male Wistar rats and were randomly and equally divided into training and control groups. The rats started the training program with the speed of 25 meters per minute and finished with 70 meters per minute during 6 weeks. Each training session included 10 one-min. repetitions with 2-min. rest intervals. In the end, lung tissue was extracted for stereological and immunohistochemistry tests. Statistical analysis with independent t test and Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant increase in VEGFR-2(sig: 0. 001) and pulmonary vascular volume (sig: 0. 042) in the training group compared with the control group, and a positive and almost strong relationship between changes in these two indicators and training (sig: 0. 035). In general, it seems that 6 weeks of high intensity interval training has the potential to promote of lung pro-angiogenic processes.

In today's world, we are witnessing the launch, maintenance, control and exploitation of various projects. Projects that have high costs and optimal use of this capital in the current economy of the country are highly regarded by managers. On the other hand, each project is expected to achieve its predetermined goals at a specified time. Today, the necessity of rapid construction of subway lines in Tehran's metropolitan area, which is involved in severe traffic jams, is not covered by anyone. Despite the understanding of this issue by the authorities and the good actions taken so far in this direction. However, more effort and a greater determination to reach the acceptable speed in the construction and completion of metro lines is necessary. Quick implementation of projects is based on the principles of concurrent engineering, called fast Tracking, in construction projects. In the fast delivery method, solutions such as resource enhancement, synchronous engineering, overlapping phases, value engineering, teamwork by the multi-functional team, improving communication and information transfer, and accelerating decision making, using efficient contractual methods (transferring risks as Effective way, which by using the correct methods, accelerates the implementation of the project. Therefore, in this article, management strategies for implementing fast Tracking projects in the development projects of the country have been investigated.

The purpose of this article is to propose a technique for agility evaluation and ranking production units using verbal variables set and if-then rules. First, organization’s agility level has been evaluated by Fuzzy Agility Index (FAI), and then, production units of the organization have been ranked by interval Fuzzy ELECTRE technique. By the use of this technique, all of the alternatives have been evaluated based on non-rating comparisons and those of ineffective have been removed. In the next stage, a four dimensional matrix has been proposed as a facilitating tool for decision making process and achievement of managers’ goals. In fact, appropriate strategies have been determined for planning and decision making, according to available conditions and ideal situations.

One of the most important causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome is malfunction of quadriceps muscle, especially vastus medialis muscle weakness.Twenty seven normal healthy subjects (21.4±3.4 years) and 17 patients with patellofemoral pain (24.1±3.6 years) were included in this study. Recruitment Internal(RI) of the patients and normal subjects were recorded by 4 using a coaxial needle electrode in vastus medialis during voluntary contraction.The effects of ten sessions of closed chain quadriceps exercise were evaluated on the control group and patients by methods of RI recording. Following exercise program there was significant decrease of mean value of RI in Vastus medialis muscle (P<0. 0001). RI recording method could be used for assessing the weakness of Vastus medialis muscle.